(1)處理染料廢水
染料(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)成分復雜、水(shui)(shui)質變化大(da)(da)、色度深、濃度大(da)(da),處(chu)理(li)困難(nan)。處(chu)理(li)方法(fa)主要有(you)(you)氧(yang)化、吸附(fu)(fu)、膜分離(li)、絮凝、生物降解(jie)等。這些方法(fa)各有(you)(you)優缺點(dian),其(qi)中(zhong)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)能有(you)(you)效地去(qu)除廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的(de)色度和(he)(he)COD。活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)處(chu)理(li)染料(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)在國內外(wai)都有(you)(you)研究,但大(da)(da)多(duo)數是(shi)和(he)(he)其(qi)它工藝(yi)耦合,活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)吸附(fu)(fu)多(duo)用于深度處(chu)理(li)或將活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)作為載體(ti)和(he)(he)催化劑(ji),單獨使用活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)處(chu)理(li)較高(gao)濃度染料(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的(de)研究很少(shao)。
活性(xing)炭對染料(liao)(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)有良好的(de)(de)脫色(se)效果。染料(liao)(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)脫色(se)率隨(sui)溫度(du)的(de)(de)升高而增加,而pH值對染料(liao)(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)脫色(se)效果沒有太大的(de)(de)影響。在吸附工藝(yi)條件下(xia),酸性(xing)品紅(hong)、堿性(xing)品紅(hong)廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)脫色(se)率均>97%,出水(shui)的(de)(de)色(se)度(du)稀釋(shi)倍數≤50倍,COD
(2)處理含汞廢水
重金屬(shu)污染(ran)物(wu)中(zhong)以(yi)汞的(de)毒性,當汞進(jin)入人體內,就會破壞酶和其它蛋白質的(de)功能(neng)并影(ying)響其重新合成。活性炭有(you)(you)吸附汞和含(han)汞化合物(wu)的(de)性能(neng),但吸附能(neng)力有(you)(you)限,只適宜(yi)于處理含(han)汞量低(di)的(de)廢水。如果含(han)汞的(de)濃度較(jiao)高,可以(yi)先用化學沉淀法處理,處理后含(han)汞約(yue)1mg/L,高時(shi)可達(da)2~3mg/L,然(ran)后再用活性炭做(zuo)進(jin)一步的(de)處理。
(3)處理含鉻廢水
活性炭表面存在大量的(de)含氧基(ji)(ji)團如(ru)羥基(ji)(ji)(-OH)、羧基(ji)(ji)(-COOH)等,它們都有靜電吸(xi)附(fu)功能(neng),對六(liu)(liu)價鉻產(chan)生化學(xue)吸(xi)附(fu)作用(yong),能(neng)有效地吸(xi)附(fu)廢水中的(de)六(liu)(liu)價鉻,吸(xi)附(fu)后的(de)廢水可達到排放(fang)標準。 [6]
利用(yong)(yong)(yong)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)處理含鉻(ge)(ge)廢(fei)水是活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)對溶(rong)液中六價(jia)鉻(ge)(ge)的(de)物(wu)理吸(xi)附、化(hua)學吸(xi)附、化(hua)學還(huan)原等綜合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)結果。活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)處理含鉻(ge)(ge)廢(fei)水,吸(xi)附性(xing)(xing)(xing)能穩定,處理效率高,操作(zuo)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)低,有一定的(de)社會效益和經(jing)濟效益。因此,用(yong)(yong)(yong)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)處理含鉻(ge)(ge)廢(fei)水已得到廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
(4)催(cui)化和負載催(cui)化劑
石(shi)墨(mo)化炭(tan)和無定型(xing)炭(tan)是活性炭(tan)晶型(xing)的組成(cheng)部分,因(yin)為具(ju)有不飽(bao)和鍵,所以表現出類似結晶缺(que)陷(xian)的功能。活性炭(tan)因(yin)為結晶缺(que)陷(xian)的存在而被(bei)作為催(cui)化劑廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong),同時(shi),因(yin)為其具(ju)有大的比表面積及多孔結構,活性炭(tan)還被(bei)廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)作催(cui)化劑載體。
采用(yong)γ射線(xian)處(chu)理(li)商(shang)品活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan),此過(guo)程可以在不影(ying)響(xiang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)物理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)條件下改變活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)表(biao)面化(hua)學特性(xing)(xing)(xing)。通過(guo)紫外(wai)(wai)線(xian)輻(fu)射和(he)模擬太(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)輻(fu)射研(yan)究了光(guang)(guang)催(cui)化(hua)中活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)表(biao)面化(hua)學所發(fa)(fa)揮的(de)(de)作用(yong)。結果表(biao)明(ming),無論是紫外(wai)(wai)線(xian)還是模擬太(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)輻(fu)射,活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)都可以發(fa)(fa)揮光(guang)(guang)催(cui)化(hua)作用(yong)。通過(guo)測定紫外(wai)(wai)線(xian)/活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)和(he)模擬太(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)/活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)體系中羥基(ji)自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)和(he)超氧陰離子自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)表(biao)明(ming),由活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)充(chong)當光(guang)(guang)催(cui)化(hua)劑和(he)光(guang)(guang)誘導反應物可以有效(xiao)消除(chu)雜質(zhi)對(dui)反應的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),體系中羥基(ji)自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)和(he)超氧陰離子自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)的(de)(de)獲得(de)遠高于單純采用(yong)光(guang)(guang)輻(fu)射。這為發(fa)(fa)展自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)化(hua)學和(he)尋找新(xin)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)反應提供了新(xin)的(de)(de)可能(neng)。
活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)泥(ni)(ni)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)成(cheng)分復雜,導致其厭氧腐化(hua)(hua)(hua)過程緩(huan)慢。有(you)學者將粒(li)狀活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)用(yong)于(yu)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)泥(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)厭氧腐化(hua)(hua)(hua),使活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)泥(ni)(ni)腐化(hua)(hua)(hua)過程中甲烷(wan)產率(lv)提高(gao)了17.4%,同時(shi)使活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)泥(ni)(ni)腐化(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)提高(gao)了6.1%。另外在活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)表面引入(ru)-SO3H,對合成(cheng)甲基(ji)叔戊基(ji)醚(mi)過程有(you)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用(yong),該催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑制備(bei)方便,催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)且(qie)不易分解,體現(xian)出(chu)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑的(de)(de)巨大應用(yong)潛能。有(you)研(yan)究(jiu)表明采用(yong)粒(li)狀活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)負載臭氧體系使腐殖(zhi)酸的(de)(de)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)達(da)到48.1%,為(wei)(wei)腐殖(zhi)酸的(de)(de)降解提供了新的(de)(de)途徑(jing)。通過活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)負載氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋁作為(wei)(wei)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)糊電(dian)極用(yong)于(yu)苯酚(fen)的(de)(de)電(dian)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)研(yan)究(jiu),表現(xian)出(chu)了較好的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)可重(zhong)復使用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),同時(shi)具有(you)相對較低(di)的(de)(de)檢出(chu)限和(he)(he)較寬的(de)(de)檢測范圍。
手機號碼
座機:0371-69590558 E-mail:henanhxt@126.com
聯系人:韓經理
地址:河(he)南省鞏義市夾津(jin)口